Adresy ciekawych miejsc

RFC 2616 - Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
The Unoffical Cookie FAQ
Cookie specification
Wikipedia about HTTP
HTTP Made Really Easy - Practical Guide to Writing Clients and Servers
HTTPYSpy - HTTP real-time monitoring utility
Web Sniffer - View HTTP Request and Response Header

Example 1: Bad client request

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET / HTTP/1.1
 4(empty line)
 5Server response: 
 6HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
 7Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:27:23 GMT
 8Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
 9Connection: close
10Transfer-Encoding: chunked
11Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
12  
13<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
14<HTML>&lt;HEAD>
15<TITLE>400 Bad Request</TITLE>
16</HEAD><BODY>
17<H1>Bad Request</H1>
18Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<P>
19client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23) 
20</P> 
21<HR>
22<ADDRESS>Apache/1.3.28 Server at sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl Port 80
23</ADDRESS>
24</BODY>
25</HTML>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 2: Valid HTTP/1.1 client request

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET / HTTP/1.1
 4Host: unixlab
 5(empty line)

 6Server response:
 7HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 8Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:27:34 GMT
 9Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
10Last-Modified: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 12:35:52 GMT
11ETag: "6d2-252-3fc1fb28"
12Accept-Ranges: bytes
13Content-Length: 594
14Content-Type: text/html
15  
16<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
17<html>
18<head>
19<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2">
20<meta name="Author" content="CS">
21<meta name="Description" content="UnixLab Home Page">
22<title>Laboratorium systemów Uniksowych</title>
23</head>
24<body>
25<h1>Serwer sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl</h1>
26<hr>
27<p>To jest strona serwera <strong>sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl</strong>.Właściwe
28strony laboratorium uniksowego znajdują się pod adresem: 
29<a href="http://unixlab.cs.put.poznan.pl">http://unixlab.cs.put.poznan.pl
30</a>.
31</p>
32<hr>
33</body>
34</html>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 3: Get text file

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/dane.txt HTTP/1.1
 4host: unixlab
 5(empty line)

 6Server response:
 7HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 8Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:31:25 GMT
 9Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
10Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:29:50 GMT
11ETag: "1e8f38-21-405b4a2e"
12Accept-Ranges: bytes
13Content-Length: 33
14Content-Type: text/plain

15to jest zawartosc
16pliku DANE.TXT

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Server Status Codes

100 Continue
101 Switching Protocols

200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content

300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Found
303 See Other
304 Not Modified
305 Use Proxy
307 Temporary Redirect

400 Bad Requestv
401 Unauthorized
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Time-out
409 Conflict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Large
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested range not satisfiable
417 Expectation Failed

500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Time-out
505 HTTP Version not supported

idź do góry

Example 4: Get part of text file

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/dane.txt HTTP/1.1
 4Host: unixlab
 5Range: bytes=3-16
 6(empty line)

 7Server response:
 8HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
 9Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:49:08 GMT
10Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
11Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:29:50 GMT
12ETag: "1e8f38-21-405b4a2e"
13Accept-Ranges: bytes
14Content-Length: 7
15Content-Range: bytes 3-16/33
16Content-Type: text/plain
17jest zawartosc

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 5: OPTION command

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3OPTIONS / HTTP/1.1
 4Host: unixlab
 5(empty line)

 6Server response:
 7HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 8Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:33:01 GMT
 9Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
10Content-Length: 0
11Allow: GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, PATCH, PROPFIND, 
12PROPPATCH, MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, UNLOCK, TRACE

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 6: Request for directory without "/"

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus HTTP/1.1
 4host: unixlab

 5Server response:
 6HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
 7Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:59:00 GMT
 8Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
 9Location: http://sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl/~kobus/
10Transfer-Encoding: chunked
11Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

12<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
13<HTML><HEAD>
14<TITLE>301 Moved Permanently</TITLE>
15</HEAD><BODY>
16<H1>Moved Permanently</H1>
17The document has moved <A HREF="http://sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl/~kobus/">
18here</A>.<P>
19<HR>
20<ADDRESS>Apache/1.3.28 Server at sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl Port 80</ADDRESS>
21</BODY></HTML>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 7: Get default language version of the document

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/ HTTP/1.1
 4host: unixlab

 5Server response:
 6HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 7Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:59:44 GMT
 8Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
 9Content-Location: index.html.en
10Vary: negotiate,accept-language
11TCN: choice
12Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:58:21 GMT
13ETag: "1e92a5-36-405b50dd;405b50eb"
14Accept-Ranges: bytes
15Content-Length: 54
16Content-Type: text/html
17Content-Language: en

18<html>
19<body>
20<h1>Good Morning !</h1>
21</body>
22</html>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 8: Get specified language version of the document

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/ HTTP/1.1
 4Host: unixlab
 5Accept-language: pl, de

 6Server response:
 7HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 8Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 20:00:15 GMT
 9Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
10Content-Location: index.html.po
11Vary: negotiate,accept-language
12TCN: choice
13Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 19:57:51 GMT
14ETag: "1e92a1-35-405b50bf;405b50eb"
15Accept-Ranges: bytes
16Content-Length: 53
17Content-Type: text/html
18Content-Language: pl

19<html>
20<body>
21<h1>Dzień dobry !</h1>
22</body>
23</html>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Authorize access to WWW

_/*Step 1: create file .htaccess with content :_*/
  AuthType Basic
  AuthName "By Invitation Only"
  AuthUserFile /home/kobus/public_html/secure/passwords
  Require user test1

_/*Step 2: create password file .htpasswd_*/
  htpasswd -cb .htpasswd test1 test1

_/*Step 3: get encoded value of user:password string (here PHP example)_*/
  <?php
  $str = 'test1:test1';
  echo "original: $str<br>";
  echo "encoded : ".base64_encode($str);
  ?>

idź do góry

Example 9: Authorization failure

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/secure/ HTTP/1.1
 4host: unixlab

 5Server response:
 6HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required
 7Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 20:52:16 GMT
 8Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
 9WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="By Invitation Only"
10Transfer-Encoding: chunked
11Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

12<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
13<HTML><HEAD>
14<TITLE>401 Authorization Required</TITLE>
15</HEAD><BODY>
16<H1>Authorization Required</H1>
17This server could not verify that you
18are authorized to access the document
19requested.  Either you supplied the wrong
20credentials (e.g., bad password), or your
21browser doesnt understand how to supply
22the credentials required.<P>
23<HR>
24<ADDRESS>Apache/1.3.28 Server at sirius.cs.put.poznan.pl Port 80</ADDRESS>
25</BODY></HTML>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 10: Authorization succesfull

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> netcat unixlab 80
 3GET /~kobus/secure/ HTTP/1.1
 4host: unixlab
 5authorization: Basic dGVzdDE6dGVzdDE=

 6Server response:
 7HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 8Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 21:22:15 GMT
 9Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
10Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Mar 2004 20:59:13 GMT
11ETag: "1033a-44-405b5f21"
12Accept-Ranges: bytes
13Content-Length: 68
14Content-Type: text/html

15<html>
16<body>
17<h1>To jest sekretny dokument :)</h1>
18</body>
19</html>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 11: Emulation of Web server

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> mozilla http://unixlab:8081/

 3Server response:
 4kobus@sirius:~> netcat -l -p 8081
 5GET / HTTP/1.1
 6Accept: */*
 7Accept-Language: pl,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
 8Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
 9User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
10Host: unixlab:8081
11Connection: Keep-Alive

12HTTP/1.1 200 OK
13Server: testowy 1.0
14Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

15<html>
16<body>
17this page is created manually !
18</body>
19</html>

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 12: Set temporary cookie

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> mozilla http://unixlab:8081/

 3Server response after 1st client request:
 4kobus@sirius:~/public_html> netcat -l -p 8081
 5GET / HTTP/1.1
 6Accept: */*
 7Accept-Language: pl,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
 8Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
 9User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
10Host: unixlab:8081
11Connection: Keep-Alive
12  
13HTTP/1.1 200 OK
14Server: testowy 1.0
15Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-2
16Set-Cookie: Secret1=12345
17  
18Server response after 2nd client request:
19GET / HTTP/1.1
20Accept: */*
21Accept-Language: pl,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
22Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
23User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
24Host: unixlab:8081
25Connection: Keep-Alive
26Cookie: Secret1=12345

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 13: Set temporary cookie II

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> mozilla http://unixlab:8081/
 3  
 4Server response:
 5kobus@sirius:~/public_html> netcat -l -p 8081
 6GET / HTTP/1.1
 7Accept: */*
 8Accept-Language: pl,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
 9Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
10User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 
11Host: unixlab:8081
12Connection: Keep-Alive

13HTTP/1.1 200 OK
14Server: testowy 1.0
15Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-2
16Set-Cookie: Secret2=12345; expires=Fri, 30 Apr 2004 15:00:00 GMT

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Example 14: Show picture

 1Client request:
 2kobus@sirius:~> mozilla http://unixlab:8081/
 3  
 4Server response:
 5kobus@sirius:~/public_html> netcat -l -p 8081
 6GET / HTTP/1.1
 7Accept: */*
 8Accept-Language: pl,en;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
 9Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
10User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 
11Host: unixlab:8081
12Connection: Keep-Alive

13HTTP/1.1 200 OK
14Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 19:55:24 GMT
15Server: Apache/1.3.28 (Linux/SuSE) PHP/4.3.3
16Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Oct 2003 12:52:42 GMT
17ETag: "4507b6-7e-3f84089a"
18Accept-Ranges: bytes
19Content-Length: 126
20Content-Type: image/gif

21GIF89a,....

[pokaż zawartość pliku] [pobierz plik] idź do góry

Jacek Kobusiński

HTTP w przykładach ...

Adresy ciekawych miejsc

Example 1: Bad client request

Example 2: Valid HTTP/1.1 client request

Example 3: Get text file

Server Status Codes

Example 4: Get part of text file

Example 5: OPTION command

Example 6: Request for directory without "/"

Example 7: Get default language version of the document

Example 8: Get specified language version of the document

Authorize access to WWW

Example 9: Authorization failure

Example 10: Authorization succesfull

Example 11: Emulation of Web server

Example 12: Set temporary cookie

Example 13: Set temporary cookie II

Example 14: Show picture