Różnice

Różnice między wybraną wersją a wersją aktualną.

--- sk1:cisco_wstep [2017/04/09 14:46]
jkonczak [Katalog /dev/ [extra]]
+++ sk1:cisco_wstep [2020/05/10 12:25] (aktualna)
jkonczak [[Ekstra] Symulacja routerów CISCO]
@@ Linia 36: / Linia 36: @@
 ===== CISCO IOS =====
-Urządzenia CISCO pracują pod kontrolą systemu [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS|IOS]].
+Większość urządzeń CISCO pracuje pod kontrolą systemu [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS|IOS]].
 **[[http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mlibuda/routing_stat_Cisco.pdf|Slajdy]]**
@@ Linia 59: / Linia 59: @@
   * ''hostname <nazwa>'' - ustawienia nazwy routera
   * ''router …'' - ustawienia protokołów routingu
-  * ''interface <nazwa interface'u>'' - wejście w tryb ustawień podanego interface'u - prompt **''(config-if) #''**, np: \\ ''interace Fa 0/0'' – FastEthernet (ethernet 100Mbit) \\ ''interace Gi 0/0'' – GigaEthernet (ethernet 1Gbit) \\ ''interace Se 0/0'' – Serial (szeregowegy) \\ Oznaczenie ''0/0'' wskazuje gdzie na routerze znajduje się port interfejsu – który moduł, która karta rozszerzeń, który port etc. [[https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/78355|[1]]] [[http://www.cisco.com/image/gif/paws/62611/c2800_62611.pdf|[2]]] \\ Polecenia w trybie konfiguracji interface'u:
+  * ''interface <nazwa interface'u>'' - wejście w tryb ustawień podanego interface'u - prompt **''(config-if) #''**, np: \\ ''interface Fa 0/0'' – FastEthernet (ethernet 100Mbit) \\ ''interface Gi 0/0'' – GigaEthernet (ethernet 1Gbit) \\ ''interface Se 0/0'' – Serial (szeregowegy) \\ Oznaczenie ''0/0'' wskazuje gdzie na routerze znajduje się port interfejsu – który moduł, która karta rozszerzeń, który port etc. [[https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/78355|[1]]] [[http://www.cisco.com/image/gif/paws/62611/c2800_62611.pdf|[2]]] \\ Polecenia w trybie konfiguracji interface'u:
     * ''ip address <adres> <maska>'' - ustawienie adresu, np: \\ ''ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0''
     * ''no shutdown'' - włączenie interface'u
-    * ''clock rate <prędkość>'' - (dla połączenia __szeregowego__) ustawienie zegara, np. \\ ''clock rate 8000000''
+    * ''clock rate <prędkość>'' - (dla połączenia __szeregowego__) ustawienie zegara, np. \\ ''clock rate 128000''
   * ''ip route <adres> <maska> <ip następnego skoku>'' - dodanie trasy statycznej, np: \\ ''ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.254''
 Dodatkowo:
   * ''show running-config'' - konfiguracja (dostępna w trybie uprzywilejowanym)
+  * ''show cdp neighbors'' - pokazuje sąsiednie urządzenia CISCO używając [[https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Discovery_Protocol|Cisco Discovery Protocol]]
   * ''exit'' wychodzi o jeden tryb w górę, działa do trybu uprzywilejowanego
   * ''disable'' wychodzi z trybu uprzywilejowanego (porównaj: ''enable'')
@@ Linia 75: / Linia 76: @@
   * ''tab'' autouzupełnia komendy
   * komendy można skracać (póki są jednoznaczne), np. zamiast ''configure terminal'' wystarczy ''conf t''
-  * ''ctrl+alt+6'' przerywa hostname lookup / ping etc.
+  * ''ctrl+shift+6'' / ''ctrl+shift+6, x'' /  ''ctrl+alt+6'' przerywa hostname lookup / ping etc.
   * ''undebug all'' wyłącza ''debug all''
+++++ Przykładowe wyniki poleceń |
+<html><pre>
+<b>R1&gt;enable</b>
+<b>R1#show ip interface brief</b>
+Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
+FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up
+FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+<b>R1#show protocols</b>
+Global values:
+  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
+FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
+FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
+Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
+Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+<b>R1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1</b>
+FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
+  Hardware is i82543 (Livengood), address is ca01.26a9.0006 (bia ca01.26a9.0006)
+  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
+  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
+     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
+  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
+  Keepalive set (10 sec)
+  Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX
+  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
+  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:08, output hang never
+  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
+  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
+  Queueing strategy: fifo
+  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
+minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
+minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
+packets input, 31299 bytes
+     Received 35 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
+runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
+input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
+watchdog
+input packets with dribble condition detected
+packets output, 36082 bytes, 0 underruns
+output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
+unknown protocol drops
+babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
+lost carrier, 0 no carrier
+output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
+<b>R1#show interfaces Serial1/0</b>
+Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Hardware is M4T
+  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
+  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec,
+     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
+  Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
+  Keepalive set (10 sec)
+  Restart-Delay is 0 secs
+  Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never
+  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
+  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
+  Queueing strategy: fifo
+  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
+minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
+minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
+packets input, 13698 bytes, 0 no buffer
+     Received 182 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
+runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
+input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
+packets output, 14889 bytes, 0 underruns
+output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets
+unknown protocol drops
+output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
+carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
+<b>R1#show ip route</b>
+Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
+       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
+       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
+       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
+       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
+       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
+       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+       + - replicated route, % - next hop override
+Gateway of last resort is 10.0.4.42 to network 0.0.0.0
+S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
+.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks
+C        10.0.2.80/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0
+L        10.0.2.82/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
+C        10.0.4.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
+L        10.0.5.67/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
+S     192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.254
+.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
+C        192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
+L        192.168.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
+<b>R1#show ip route 192.168.12.34</b>
+Routing entry for 192.168.0.0/16, supernet
+  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
+  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
+  * 192.168.0.254
+      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
+<b>R1#show ip route 10.0.2.81</b>
+Routing entry for 10.0.2.80/30
+  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface)
+  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
+  * directly connected, via Serial1/0
+      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
+<b>R1#show ip route 150.254.32.130</b>
+% Network not in table
+<b>R1#enable</b>
+<b>R1#configure terminal</b>
+Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
+<b>R1(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42</b>
+<b>R1(config)#ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42</b>
+<b>R1(config)#end</b>
+<b>R1#show ip route</b>
+Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
+       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
+       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
+       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
+       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
+       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
+       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+       + - replicated route, % - next hop override
+Gateway of last resort is 10.0.4.42 to network 0.0.0.0
+S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
+.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 4 masks
+S        10.0.0.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
+S        10.0.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
+C        10.0.2.80/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0
+L        10.0.2.82/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
+C        10.0.4.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
+L        10.0.5.67/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
+S     192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.254
+.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
+C        192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
+L        192.168.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
+<b>R1#show ip route 10.0.0.1</b>
+Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/24
+  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
+  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
+  * 10.0.4.42
+      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
+<b>R1#ping 10.0.0.1</b>
+Type escape sequence to abort.
+Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
+!!!!!
+Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/34/48 ms
+<b>R1#traceroute 10.0.0.1</b>
+Type escape sequence to abort.
+Tracing the route to 10.0.0.1
+VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
+10.0.4.42 32 msec 20 msec 16 msec
+10.0.1.1 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec
+10.0.0.1 32 msec 16 msec 24 msec
+<b>R1#traceroute www.gov.pl</b>
+Type escape sequence to abort.
+Tracing the route to www.gov.pl (194.181.237.34)
+VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
+10.0.4.42 20 msec 16 msec 20 msec
+10.0.1.2 16 msec 28 msec 32 msec
+poz-bng4.tpnet.pl (80.50.18.54) 28 msec 28 msec 32 msec
+poz-r3.tpnet.pl (80.50.122.53) 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec
+war-ar8.tpnet.pl (195.117.0.10) 32 msec 32 msec 40 msec
+nask-tpnet.tpnet.pl (80.50.115.62) 40 msec 24 msec 28 msec
+195.187.255.139 32 msec 36 msec 36 msec
+www.gov.pl (194.181.237.34) 32 msec 28 msec 28 msec
+<b>R1#traceroute www.gov.pl numeric</b>
+Type escape sequence to abort.
+Tracing the route to 194.181.237.34
+VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
+10.0.4.42 24 msec 20 msec 8 msec
+10.0.1.2 20 msec 20 msec 16 msec
+80.50.18.54 16 msec 20 msec 40 msec
+80.50.122.53 16 msec 16 msec 24 msec
+195.117.0.10 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec
+80.50.115.62 28 msec 24 msec 28 msec
+195.187.255.139 28 msec 28 msec 20 msec
+194.181.237.34 16 msec 20 msec 28 msec
+<b>R1#configure terminal</b>
+Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
+<b>R1(config)#hostname Router_1</b>
+<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial ?</b>
+  &lt;1-1&gt;  Serial interface number
+<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial 1/?</b>
+  &lt;0-3&gt;  Serial interface number
+<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial 1/3</b>
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#clock rate ?</b>
+  With the exception of the following standard values not subject to rounding,
+2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 28800 38400
+64000 128000 2015232
+  accepted clockrates will be bestfitted (rounded) to the nearest value
+  supportable by the hardware.
+  &lt;246-8064000&gt;    DCE clock rate (bits per second)
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#clock rate 128000</b>
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252</b>
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show ip interface brief</b>
+Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
+FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up
+FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/3                  172.16.0.1      YES manual administratively down down
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show protocols</b>
+Global values:
+  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
+FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
+FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
+Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
+Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+  Internet address is 172.16.0.1/30
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#no shutdown</b>
+*Apr 23 20:11:08.079: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/3, changed state to up
+*Apr 23 20:11:09.087: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/3, changed state to up
+*Apr 23 20:11:34.619: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/3, changed state to down
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show ip interface brief</b>
+Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
+FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up
+FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up
+Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
+Serial1/3                  172.16.0.1      YES manual up                    down
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show protocols</b>
+Global values:
+  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
+FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
+FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
+Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
+Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
+Serial1/3 is up, line protocol is down
+  Internet address is 172.16.0.1/30
+<b>Router_1(config-if)#end</b>
+<b>Router_1#</b>
+*Apr 23 20:13:56.307: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
+<b>Router_1#show running-config</b>
+Building configuration...
+Current configuration : 1601 bytes
+!
+! Last configuration change at 20:13:56 UTC Tue Apr 23 2019
+upgrade fpd auto
+version 15.2
+service timestamps debug datetime msec
+service timestamps log datetime msec
+no service password-encryption
+!
+hostname Router_1
+!
+boot-start-marker
+boot-end-marker
+!
+!
+!
+no aaa new-model
+no ip icmp rate-limit unreachable
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+ip name-server 10.0.1.206
+ip cef
+no ipv6 cef
+!
+multilink bundle-name authenticated
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+redundancy
+!
+!
+ip tcp synwait-time 5
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+interface FastEthernet0/0
+ ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
+ duplex auto
+ speed auto
+!
+interface FastEthernet0/1
+ ip address 10.0.5.67 255.255.252.0
+ duplex auto
+ speed auto
+!
+interface Serial1/0
+ ip address 10.0.2.82 255.255.255.252
+ serial restart-delay 0
+ clock rate 8064000
+!
+interface Serial1/1
+ no ip address
+ shutdown
+ serial restart-delay 0
+!
+interface Serial1/2
+ no ip address
+ shutdown
+ serial restart-delay 0
+!
+interface Serial1/3
+ ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
+ serial restart-delay 0
+ clock rate 128000
+!
+ip default-gateway 10.0.4.42
+ip forward-protocol nd
+no ip http server
+no ip http secure-server
+!
+!
+ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.4.42
+ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42
+ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42
+ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.254
+!
+no cdp log mismatch duplex
+!
+!
+!
+control-plane
+!
+!
+!
+mgcp profile default
+!
+!
+!
+gatekeeper
+ shutdown
+!
+!
+line con 0
+ exec-timeout 0 0
+ privilege level 15
+ logging synchronous
+ stopbits 1
+line aux 0
+ exec-timeout 0 0
+ privilege level 15
+ logging synchronous
+ stopbits 1
+line vty 0 4
+ login
+ transport input all
+!
+!
+end
+<b>Router_1#</b>
+</pre></html>
+++++
 ==== Łączenie routerów CISCO po połączeniu szeregowym ====
 Używane połączenia szeregowe jest synchroniczne, tzn. potrzebuje zegara.
@@ Linia 90: / Linia 483: @@
 ==== [Ekstra] Symulacja routerów CISCO ====
-Symulator: http://www.gns3.net/
-<html><small></html> przykładowy link gdzie da się znaleźć jakieś obrazy systemów:
+Popularny emulator korzystający z rzeczywistych obrazów systemu operacyjnego: http://www.gns3.com/<html><small><br/></html> przykładowy link gdzie da się znaleźć jakieś obrazy systemów:
-http://sobek.su/Cisco/IOS/
+ftp://213.141.145.240/torrent/downloaded/ios/
 <html></small></html>
+Symulator sprzętu CISCO: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer

Jan Kończak

Narzędzia użytkownika

Narzędzia witryny

Różnice

Narzędzia strony