Różnice

Różnice między wybraną wersją a wersją aktualną.

--- sk1:cisco_ospf [2017/04/19 12:45]
jkonczak
+++ sk1:cisco_ospf [2020/05/12 12:50] (aktualna)
jkonczak [[Ekstra] Inne]
@@ Linia 3: / Linia 3: @@
 === Wstęp ===
-Protokół stanu łącza <html><small></html>(wewnątrz obszaru. Między obszarami - wektora odległości.)<html></small></html>
+Protokół stanu łącza <html><small></html>(wewnątrz obszaru)<html></small></html>
 OSPF w wersji 2 działa tylko na IPv4, w wersji wersja 3 też na IPv6.
@@ Linia 11: / Linia 11: @@
 === LSA ===
-//Link-State Advertisement// (LSA) to pojedyncza jednostka informacji o sieci przekazywana używana przez OSPF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-state_advertisement \\
+//Link-State Advertisement// (LSA) to pojedyncza jednostka informacji o sieci używana przez OSPF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-state_advertisement \\
 Przykładowo LSA może nieść informację o:
   * połączeniach wybranego routera OSPF z innymi routerami OSPF
   * sieciach IP do których należy router
   * <html><small>o trasach z innego obszaru</small></html>
-  * <html><small>trasach spoza OSPF które rozgłasza router</small></html>
+  * <html><small>trasach spoza OSPF</small></html>
@@ Linia 90: / Linia 90: @@
 <html></small></html>
-http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/12-4t/iro-12-4t-book/iro-cfg.html
+++++ Przykładowe wyniki poleceń diagnostycznych |
+++ schemat sieci: | {{ :sk1:ospf-example-net.png?700 |}}++
+<html><pre>
+<b>R2#show ip route</b>
+Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
+       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
+       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
+       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
+       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
+       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
+       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
+Gateway of last resort is not set
+O    <span title="Cel" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,0,0.4)">192.168.4.0/24</span> [110/4] via <span title="Następny skok" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,0,0.4)">192.168.5.1</span>, 00:03:34, GigabitEthernet0/0
+C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
+<span title="Trasa do sieci do której router jest bezpośrednio połączony" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.4)">C</span>    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
+<span title="Trasa do sieci poznanej za pośrednictwem OSPF" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,0,0.4)">O</span>    192.168.0.0/24 [110/66] via 192.168.5.1, 02:40:04, GigabitEthernet0/0
+O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0
+O    192.168.2.0/24 [<span title="AD" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.4)">110</span>/<span title="Metryka" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,255,0.4)">2</span>] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0
+O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0
+<b>R2#show ip protocols</b>
+Routing Protocol is "<span title="Użyty numer procesu"><b>ospf 1</b></span>"
+  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
+  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
+  Router ID <span title="Identyfikator tego routera"><b>192.168.6.2</b></span>
+  Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
+  Maximum path: 4
+  Routing for Networks:
+    <span title="Skonfigurowane zakresy adresów IP mające brać udział w OSPF">192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0</b></span>
+    <span title="Skonfigurowane zakresy adresów IP mające brać udział w OSPF">192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 area 0</b></span>
+ Reference bandwidth unit is <span title="Referencyjna prędkość na podstawie której liczone są koszty łącz (=referencyjna prędkość / prędkość łącza)"><b>1000 mbps</b></span>
+  Routing Information Sources:
+    Gateway         Distance      Last Update
+<span title="Inne poznane routery wymieniające się wiadomościami OSPF">    192.168.1.3          110      02:37:21
+.168.5.1          110      02:42:36
+.168.4.1          110      00:00:51
+.168.3.4          110      02:42:36</span>
+  Distance: (default is 110)
+R2#show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet0/0</b>
+GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
+  Internet Address 192.168.5.2/24, Area 0
+  Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.6.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: <span title="Rozgłaszany koszt tego łącza" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.2)">1</span>
+  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
+  Designated Router (ID) 192.168.5.1, Interface address 192.168.5.1
+  Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.6.2, Interface address 192.168.5.2
+  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
+    oob-resync timeout 40
+    Hello due in 00:00:01
+  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
+  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
+  IETF NSF helper support enabled
+  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
+    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
+  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
+  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4 msec
+  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
+    Adjacent with neighbor <span title="Sąsiad znaleziony na tym łączu" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.2)">192.168.5.1</span>  (Designated Router)
+  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
+<b>R2#show ip ospf neighbor</b>
+Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
+<span title="Identyfikator sąsiada" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,0,0.2)">192.168.5.1</span>       1   FULL/DR         00:00:37    <span title="Adres IP po którym ten router komunikuje się z sąsiadem" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,255,0.15)">192.168.5.1</span>     GigabitEthernet0/0
+<b>R2#show ip ospf database router</b>
+            OSPF Router with ID (192.168.6.2) (Process ID 1)
+                Router Link States (Area 0)
+  LS age: 1473
+  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
+  LS Type: Router Links
+  Link State ID: 192.168.1.3
+  Advertising Router: <b>192.168.1.3</b>
+  LS Seq Number: 80000009
+  Checksum: 0x1AE5
+  Length: 60
+  Number of Links: 3
+    Link connected to: <b>another Router</b> (point-to-point)
+     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: <b>192.168.5.1</b>
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.1.3
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: <b>64</b>
+    Link connected to: a <b>Stub Network</b>
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: <b>192.168.1.0</b>
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: <b>255.255.255.0</b>
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
+    Link connected to: a Stub Network
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.0.0
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: <b>1</b>
+  LS age: 39
+  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
+  LS Type: Router Links
+  Link State ID: 192.168.3.4
+  Advertising Router: 192.168.3.4
+  LS Seq Number: 80000008
+  Checksum: 0x3348
+  Length: 48
+  Number of Links: 2
+    Link connected to: a <b>Transit Network</b>
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.3.4
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.3.4
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+    Link connected to: a Transit Network
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.2.4
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.2.4
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+  LS age: 114
+  Options: (No TOS-capability, No DC)
+  LS Type: Router Links
+  Link State ID: 192.168.4.1
+  Advertising Router: 192.168.4.1
+  LS Seq Number: 80000011
+  Checksum: 0x78FF
+  Length: 60
+  Number of Links: 3
+    Link connected to: a Transit Network
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.3.4
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.3.1
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+    Link connected to: a Stub Network
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.4.0
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+    Link connected to: a Stub Network
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 127.0.0.1
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+  LS age: 1856
+  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
+  LS Type: Router Links
+  Link State ID: 192.168.5.1
+  Advertising Router: 192.168.5.1
+  LS Seq Number: 80000007
+  Checksum: 0x435E
+  Length: 72
+  Number of Links: 4
+    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
+     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 192.168.1.3
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.1.1
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
+    Link connected to: a Stub Network
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.1.0
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
+    Link connected to: a Transit Network
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.2.4
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.2.1
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+    Link connected to: a Transit Network
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.5.1
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.5.1
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+  LS age: 1749
+  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
+  LS Type: Router Links
+  Link State ID: 192.168.6.2
+  Advertising Router: 192.168.6.2
+  LS Seq Number: 80000007
+  Checksum: 0xA544
+  Length: 48
+  Number of Links: 2
+    Link connected to: a Stub Network
+     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.6.0
+     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+    Link connected to: a Transit Network
+     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.5.1
+     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.5.2
+      Number of TOS metrics: 0
+       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
+</pre></html>
+++++
+{{:sk1:ospf.pcap.gz|Przykładowa wymiana pakietów protokołu OSPF}}
+https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/15-mt/iro-15-mt-book/iro-cfg.html
 ===== [Ekstra] Inne =====
 Implementacje wielu protokołów routingu, w tym OSPFv2, dla systemu Linux:
-  * Quaqqa http://www.nongnu.org/quagga/ (składnia identyczna z CISCO)
+  * FRRouting https://frrouting.org/ (kiedyś [[http://www.nongnu.org/quagga/|Quaqqa]], jeszcze wcześniej [[https://www.gnu.org/software/zebra/|Zebra]]) - składnia (prawie) identyczna z CISCO
   * Bird http://bird.network.cz/

Jan Kończak

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