Jan Kończak

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sk1:cisco_wstep [2017/04/19 09:42] – jkonczaksk1:cisco_wstep [2020/05/10 10:25] (current) – [[Ekstra] Symulacja routerów CISCO] jkonczak
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 ===== CISCO IOS ===== ===== CISCO IOS =====
-Urządzenia CISCO pracują pod kontrolą systemu [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS|IOS]].+Większość urządzeń CISCO pracuje pod kontrolą systemu [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS|IOS]].
  
 **[[http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mlibuda/routing_stat_Cisco.pdf|Slajdy]]** **[[http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/mlibuda/routing_stat_Cisco.pdf|Slajdy]]**
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   * ''hostname <nazwa>'' - ustawienia nazwy routera   * ''hostname <nazwa>'' - ustawienia nazwy routera
   * ''router …'' - ustawienia protokołów routingu   * ''router …'' - ustawienia protokołów routingu
-  * ''interface <nazwa interface'u>'' - wejście w tryb ustawień podanego interface'u - prompt **''(config-if) #''**, np: \\ ''interace Fa 0/0'' – FastEthernet (ethernet 100Mbit) \\ ''interace Gi 0/0'' – GigaEthernet (ethernet 1Gbit) \\ ''interace Se 0/0'' – Serial (szeregowegy) \\ Oznaczenie ''0/0'' wskazuje gdzie na routerze znajduje się port interfejsu – który moduł, która karta rozszerzeń, który port etc. [[https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/78355|[1]]] [[http://www.cisco.com/image/gif/paws/62611/c2800_62611.pdf|[2]]] \\ Polecenia w trybie konfiguracji interface'u:+  * ''interface <nazwa interface'u>'' - wejście w tryb ustawień podanego interface'u - prompt **''(config-if) #''**, np: \\ ''interface Fa 0/0'' – FastEthernet (ethernet 100Mbit) \\ ''interface Gi 0/0'' – GigaEthernet (ethernet 1Gbit) \\ ''interface Se 0/0'' – Serial (szeregowegy) \\ Oznaczenie ''0/0'' wskazuje gdzie na routerze znajduje się port interfejsu – który moduł, która karta rozszerzeń, który port etc. [[https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/78355|[1]]] [[http://www.cisco.com/image/gif/paws/62611/c2800_62611.pdf|[2]]] \\ Polecenia w trybie konfiguracji interface'u:
     * ''ip address <adres> <maska>'' - ustawienie adresu, np: \\ ''ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0''     * ''ip address <adres> <maska>'' - ustawienie adresu, np: \\ ''ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0''
     * ''no shutdown'' - włączenie interface'u     * ''no shutdown'' - włączenie interface'u
Line 67: Line 67:
 Dodatkowo: Dodatkowo:
   * ''show running-config'' - konfiguracja (dostępna w trybie uprzywilejowanym)   * ''show running-config'' - konfiguracja (dostępna w trybie uprzywilejowanym)
 +  * ''show cdp neighbors'' - pokazuje sąsiednie urządzenia CISCO używając [[https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Discovery_Protocol|Cisco Discovery Protocol]]
   * ''exit'' wychodzi o jeden tryb w górę, działa do trybu uprzywilejowanego   * ''exit'' wychodzi o jeden tryb w górę, działa do trybu uprzywilejowanego
   * ''disable'' wychodzi z trybu uprzywilejowanego (porównaj: ''enable'')   * ''disable'' wychodzi z trybu uprzywilejowanego (porównaj: ''enable'')
Line 77: Line 78:
   * ''ctrl+shift+6'' / ''ctrl+shift+6, x'' /  ''ctrl+alt+6'' przerywa hostname lookup / ping etc.   * ''ctrl+shift+6'' / ''ctrl+shift+6, x'' /  ''ctrl+alt+6'' przerywa hostname lookup / ping etc.
   * ''undebug all'' wyłącza ''debug all''   * ''undebug all'' wyłącza ''debug all''
 +
 +++++ Przykładowe wyniki poleceń |
 +<html><pre>
 +<b>R1&gt;enable</b>
 +<b>R1#show ip interface brief</b>
 +Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
 +FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up      
 +FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +<b>R1#show protocols</b>
 +Global values:
 +  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
 +FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
 +FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
 +Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
 +Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +<b>R1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1</b>
 +FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up 
 +  Hardware is i82543 (Livengood), address is ca01.26a9.0006 (bia ca01.26a9.0006)
 +  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
 +  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec, 
 +     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 +  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
 +  Keepalive set (10 sec)
 +  Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX
 +  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 +  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:08, output hang never
 +  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
 +  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 +  Queueing strategy: fifo
 +  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 +  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 +  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 +     306 packets input, 31299 bytes
 +     Received 35 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
 +     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
 +     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
 +     0 watchdog
 +     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
 +     354 packets output, 36082 bytes, 0 underruns
 +     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
 +     0 unknown protocol drops
 +     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
 +     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
 +     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
 +<b>R1#show interfaces Serial1/0</b>
 +Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up 
 +  Hardware is M4T
 +  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
 +  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec, 
 +     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 +  Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
 +  Keepalive set (10 sec)
 +  Restart-Delay is 0 secs
 +  Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never
 +  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
 +  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 +  Queueing strategy: fifo
 +  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 +  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 +  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
 +     182 packets input, 13698 bytes, 0 no buffer
 +     Received 182 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
 +     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
 +     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
 +     209 packets output, 14889 bytes, 0 underruns
 +     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets
 +     0 unknown protocol drops
 +     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
 +     4 carrier transitions     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
 +
 +<b>R1#show ip route</b>
 +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 +       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
 +       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 +       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
 +       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
 +       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
 +       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
 +       + - replicated route, % - next hop override
 +
 +Gateway of last resort is 10.0.4.42 to network 0.0.0.0
 +
 +S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
 +      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks
 +C        10.0.2.80/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 +L        10.0.2.82/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 +C        10.0.4.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 +L        10.0.5.67/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 +S     192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.254
 +      192.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
 +C        192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 +L        192.168.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 +<b>R1#show ip route 192.168.12.34</b> 
 +Routing entry for 192.168.0.0/16, supernet
 +  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
 +  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
 +  * 192.168.0.254
 +      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
 +<b>R1#show ip route 10.0.2.81</b>  
 +Routing entry for 10.0.2.80/30
 +  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface)
 +  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
 +  * directly connected, via Serial1/0
 +      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
 +<b>R1#show ip route 150.254.32.130</b>
 +% Network not in table
 +<b>R1#enable</b>                         
 +<b>R1#configure terminal</b>
 +Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 +<b>R1(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42</b> 
 +<b>R1(config)#ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42</b>
 +<b>R1(config)#end</b>
 +<b>R1#show ip route</b>               
 +Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 +       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
 +       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 +       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
 +       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
 +       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
 +       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
 +       + - replicated route, % - next hop override
 +
 +Gateway of last resort is 10.0.4.42 to network 0.0.0.0
 +
 +S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
 +      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 4 masks
 +S        10.0.0.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
 +S        10.0.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.4.42
 +C        10.0.2.80/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 +L        10.0.2.82/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 +C        10.0.4.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 +L        10.0.5.67/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
 +S     192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.254
 +      192.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
 +C        192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 +L        192.168.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 +<b>R1#show ip route 10.0.0.1</b>      
 +Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/24
 +  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
 +  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
 +  * 10.0.4.42
 +      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
 +<b>R1#ping 10.0.0.1</b>
 +Type escape sequence to abort.
 +Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
 +!!!!!
 +Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/34/48 ms
 +<b>R1#traceroute 10.0.0.1</b>
 +Type escape sequence to abort.
 +Tracing the route to 10.0.0.1
 +VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
 +  1 10.0.4.42 32 msec 20 msec 16 msec
 +  2 10.0.1.1 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec
 +  3 10.0.0.1 32 msec 16 msec 24 msec
 +<b>R1#traceroute www.gov.pl</b>
 +Type escape sequence to abort.
 +Tracing the route to www.gov.pl (194.181.237.34)
 +VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
 +  1 10.0.4.42 20 msec 16 msec 20 msec
 +  2 10.0.1.2 16 msec 28 msec 32 msec
 +  3 poz-bng4.tpnet.pl (80.50.18.54) 28 msec 28 msec 32 msec
 +  4 poz-r3.tpnet.pl (80.50.122.53) 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec
 +  5 war-ar8.tpnet.pl (195.117.0.10) 32 msec 32 msec 40 msec
 +  6 nask-tpnet.tpnet.pl (80.50.115.62) 40 msec 24 msec 28 msec
 +  7 195.187.255.139 32 msec 36 msec 36 msec
 +  8 www.gov.pl (194.181.237.34) 32 msec 28 msec 28 msec
 +<b>R1#traceroute www.gov.pl numeric</b>
 +Type escape sequence to abort.
 +Tracing the route to 194.181.237.34
 +VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
 +  1 10.0.4.42 24 msec 20 msec 8 msec
 +  2 10.0.1.2 20 msec 20 msec 16 msec
 +  3 80.50.18.54 16 msec 20 msec 40 msec
 +  4 80.50.122.53 16 msec 16 msec 24 msec
 +  5 195.117.0.10 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec
 +  6 80.50.115.62 28 msec 24 msec 28 msec
 +  7 195.187.255.139 28 msec 28 msec 20 msec
 +  8 194.181.237.34 16 msec 20 msec 28 msec
 +<b>R1#configure terminal</b> 
 +Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 +<b>R1(config)#hostname Router_1</b>
 +<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial ?</b>
 +  &lt;1-1&gt;  Serial interface number
 +
 +<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial 1/?</b>
 +  &lt;0-3&gt;  Serial interface number
 +
 +<b>Router_1(config)#interface Serial 1/3</b> 
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#clock rate ?</b>
 +  With the exception of the following standard values not subject to rounding,
 +
 +          1200 2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 28800 38400 
 +          56000 64000 128000 2015232 
 +
 +  accepted clockrates will be bestfitted (rounded) to the nearest value
 +  supportable by the hardware.
 +
 +  &lt;246-8064000&gt;    DCE clock rate (bits per second)
 +
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#clock rate 128000</b>
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252</b>
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show ip interface brief</b>
 +Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
 +FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up      
 +FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/3                  172.16.0.1      YES manual administratively down down    
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show protocols</b>         
 +Global values:
 +  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
 +FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
 +FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
 +Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
 +Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +  Internet address is 172.16.0.1/30
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#no shutdown</b> 
 +*Apr 23 20:11:08.079: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/3, changed state to up
 +*Apr 23 20:11:09.087: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/3, changed state to up
 +*Apr 23 20:11:34.619: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/3, changed state to down
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show ip interface brief</b>
 +Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
 +FastEthernet0/0            192.168.0.1     YES manual up                    up      
 +FastEthernet0/1            10.0.5.67       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/0                  10.0.2.82       YES manual up                    up      
 +Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
 +Serial1/3                  172.16.0.1      YES manual up                    down    
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#do show protocols</b>         
 +Global values:
 +  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
 +FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 192.168.0.1/24
 +FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.5.67/22
 +Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
 +  Internet address is 10.0.2.82/30
 +Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
 +Serial1/3 is up, line protocol is down
 +  Internet address is 172.16.0.1/30
 +<b>Router_1(config-if)#end</b>      
 +<b>Router_1#</b>
 +*Apr 23 20:13:56.307: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
 +<b>Router_1#show running-config</b> 
 +Building configuration...
 +
 +Current configuration : 1601 bytes
 +!
 +! Last configuration change at 20:13:56 UTC Tue Apr 23 2019
 +upgrade fpd auto
 +version 15.2
 +service timestamps debug datetime msec
 +service timestamps log datetime msec
 +no service password-encryption
 +!
 +hostname Router_1
 +!
 +boot-start-marker
 +boot-end-marker
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +no aaa new-model
 +no ip icmp rate-limit unreachable
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!         
 +!
 +ip name-server 10.0.1.206
 +ip cef
 +no ipv6 cef
 +!
 +multilink bundle-name authenticated
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +redundancy
 +!
 +!
 +ip tcp synwait-time 5
 +! 
 +!
 +!         
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +interface FastEthernet0/0
 + ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 + duplex auto
 + speed auto
 +!
 +interface FastEthernet0/1
 + ip address 10.0.5.67 255.255.252.0
 + duplex auto
 + speed auto
 +!
 +interface Serial1/0
 + ip address 10.0.2.82 255.255.255.252
 + serial restart-delay 0
 + clock rate 8064000
 +!
 +interface Serial1/1
 + no ip address
 + shutdown
 + serial restart-delay 0
 +!
 +interface Serial1/2
 + no ip address
 + shutdown
 + serial restart-delay 0
 +!
 +interface Serial1/3
 + ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
 + serial restart-delay 0
 + clock rate 128000
 +!
 +ip default-gateway 10.0.4.42
 +ip forward-protocol nd
 +no ip http server
 +no ip http secure-server
 +!
 +!
 +ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.4.42
 +ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42
 +ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.42
 +ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.254
 +!
 +no cdp log mismatch duplex
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +control-plane
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +mgcp profile default
 +!
 +!
 +!
 +gatekeeper
 + shutdown
 +!
 +!
 +line con 0
 + exec-timeout 0 0
 + privilege level 15
 + logging synchronous
 + stopbits 1
 +line aux 0
 + exec-timeout 0 0
 + privilege level 15
 + logging synchronous
 + stopbits 1
 +line vty 0 4
 + login
 + transport input all
 +!
 +!
 +end
 +
 +<b>Router_1#</b>
 +</pre></html>
 +++++
 ==== Łączenie routerów CISCO po połączeniu szeregowym ==== ==== Łączenie routerów CISCO po połączeniu szeregowym ====
 Używane połączenia szeregowe jest synchroniczne, tzn. potrzebuje zegara. Używane połączenia szeregowe jest synchroniczne, tzn. potrzebuje zegara.
Line 90: Line 483:
  
 ==== [Ekstra] Symulacja routerów CISCO ==== ==== [Ekstra] Symulacja routerów CISCO ====
-Symulator: http://www.gns3.net/ 
  
-<html><small></html> przykładowy link gdzie da się znaleźć jakieś obrazy systemów: +Popularny emulator korzystający z rzeczywistych obrazów systemu operacyjnego: http://www.gns3.com/<html><small><br/></html> przykładowy link gdzie da się znaleźć jakieś obrazy systemów: 
-http://sobek.su/Cisco/IOS/+ftp://213.141.145.240/torrent/downloaded/ios/
 <html></small></html> <html></small></html>
 +
 +Symulator sprzętu CISCO: https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer
 +
 +
    
sk1/cisco_wstep.1492594969.txt.gz · Last modified: (external edit)