Jan Kończak

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sk1:cisco_ospf [2017/04/19 10:45] – jkonczaksk1:cisco_ospf [2020/05/12 10:50] (current) – [[Ekstra] Inne] jkonczak
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 === Wstęp === === Wstęp ===
  
-Protokół stanu łącza <html><small></html>(wewnątrz obszaru. Między obszarami - wektora odległości.)<html></small></html>+Protokół stanu łącza <html><small></html>(wewnątrz obszaru)<html></small></html>
  
 OSPF w wersji 2 działa tylko na IPv4, w wersji wersja 3 też na IPv6.  OSPF w wersji 2 działa tylko na IPv4, w wersji wersja 3 też na IPv6. 
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 === LSA === === LSA ===
  
-//Link-State Advertisement// (LSA) to pojedyncza jednostka informacji o sieci przekazywana używana przez OSPF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-state_advertisement \\+//Link-State Advertisement// (LSA) to pojedyncza jednostka informacji o sieci używana przez OSPF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-state_advertisement \\
 Przykładowo LSA może nieść informację o: Przykładowo LSA może nieść informację o:
   * połączeniach wybranego routera OSPF z innymi routerami OSPF   * połączeniach wybranego routera OSPF z innymi routerami OSPF
   * sieciach IP do których należy router   * sieciach IP do których należy router
   * <html><small>o trasach z innego obszaru</small></html>   * <html><small>o trasach z innego obszaru</small></html>
-  * <html><small>trasach spoza OSPF które rozgłasza router</small></html>+  * <html><small>trasach spoza OSPF</small></html>
  
  
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 <html></small></html> <html></small></html>
  
-http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/12-4t/iro-12-4t-book/iro-cfg.html+++++ Przykładowe wyniki poleceń diagnostycznych | 
 +++ schemat sieci: | {{ :sk1:ospf-example-net.png?700 |}}++ 
 +<html><pre> 
 +<b>R2#show ip route</b> 
 +Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 
 +       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area  
 +       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 
 +       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 
 +       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 
 +       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route 
 +       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route 
 + 
 +Gateway of last resort is not set 
 + 
 +O    <span title="Cel" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,0,0.4)">192.168.4.0/24</span> [110/4] via <span title="Następny skok" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,0,0.4)">192.168.5.1</span>, 00:03:34, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 +C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 +<span title="Trasa do sieci do której router jest bezpośrednio połączony" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.4)">C</span>    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0 
 +<span title="Trasa do sieci poznanej za pośrednictwem OSPF" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,0,0.4)">O</span>    192.168.0.0/24 [110/66] via 192.168.5.1, 02:40:04, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 +O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 +O    192.168.2.0/24 [<span title="AD" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.4)">110</span>/<span title="Metryka" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,255,0.4)">2</span>] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 +O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.5.1, 02:45:19, GigabitEthernet0/0 
 + 
 +<b>R2#show ip protocols</b> 
 +Routing Protocol is "<span title="Użyty numer procesu"><b>ospf 1</b></span>" 
 +  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set 
 +  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set 
 +  Router ID <span title="Identyfikator tego routera"><b>192.168.6.2</b></span> 
 +  Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa 
 +  Maximum path: 4 
 +  Routing for Networks: 
 +    <span title="Skonfigurowane zakresy adresów IP mające brać udział w OSPF">192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 0</b></span> 
 +    <span title="Skonfigurowane zakresy adresów IP mające brać udział w OSPF">192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 area 0</b></span> 
 + Reference bandwidth unit is <span title="Referencyjna prędkość na podstawie której liczone są koszty łącz (=referencyjna prędkość / prędkość łącza)"><b>1000 mbps</b></span> 
 +  Routing Information Sources: 
 +    Gateway         Distance      Last Update 
 +<span title="Inne poznane routery wymieniające się wiadomościami OSPF">    192.168.1.3          110      02:37:21 
 +    192.168.5.1          110      02:42:36 
 +    192.168.4.1          110      00:00:51 
 +    192.168.3.4          110      02:42:36</span> 
 +  Distance: (default is 110) 
 + 
 +R2#show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet0/0</b> 
 +GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up  
 +  Internet Address 192.168.5.2/24, Area 0  
 +  Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.6.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: <span title="Rozgłaszany koszt tego łącza" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.2)">1</span> 
 +  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 
 +  Designated Router (ID) 192.168.5.1, Interface address 192.168.5.1 
 +  Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.6.2, Interface address 192.168.5.2 
 +  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 
 +    oob-resync timeout 40 
 +    Hello due in 00:00:01 
 +  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) 
 +  Cisco NSF helper support enabled 
 +  IETF NSF helper support enabled 
 +  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 
 +    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) 
 +  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 
 +  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4 msec 
 +  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1  
 +    Adjacent with neighbor <span title="Sąsiad znaleziony na tym łączu" style="background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.2)">192.168.5.1</span>  (Designated Router) 
 +  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) 
 + 
 +<b>R2#show ip ospf neighbor</b> 
 + 
 +Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface 
 +<span title="Identyfikator sąsiada" style="background-color:rgba(0,255,0,0.2)">192.168.5.1</span>       1   FULL/DR         00:00:37    <span title="Adres IP po którym ten router komunikuje się z sąsiadem" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,255,0.15)">192.168.5.1</span>     GigabitEthernet0/0 
 + 
 +<b>R2#show ip ospf database router</b> 
 + 
 +            OSPF Router with ID (192.168.6.2) (Process ID 1) 
 + 
 +                Router Link States (Area 0) 
 + 
 +  LS age: 1473 
 +  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
 +  LS Type: Router Links 
 +  Link State ID: 192.168.1.3 
 +  Advertising Router: <b>192.168.1.3</b> 
 +  LS Seq Number: 80000009 
 +  Checksum: 0x1AE5 
 +  Length: 60 
 +  Number of Links: 3 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: <b>another Router</b> (point-to-point) 
 +     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: <b>192.168.5.1</b> 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.1.3 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: <b>64</b> 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a <b>Stub Network</b> 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: <b>192.168.1.0</b> 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: <b>255.255.255.0</b> 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 64 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.0.0 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: <b>1</b> 
 + 
 + 
 +  LS age: 39 
 +  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
 +  LS Type: Router Links 
 +  Link State ID: 192.168.3.4 
 +  Advertising Router: 192.168.3.4 
 +  LS Seq Number: 80000008 
 +  Checksum: 0x3348 
 +  Length: 48 
 +  Number of Links: 2 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a <b>Transit Network</b> 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.3.4 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.3.4 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Transit Network 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.2.4 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.2.4 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 + 
 +  LS age: 114 
 +  Options: (No TOS-capability, No DC) 
 +  LS Type: Router Links 
 +  Link State ID: 192.168.4.1 
 +  Advertising Router: 192.168.4.1 
 +  LS Seq Number: 80000011 
 +  Checksum: 0x78FF 
 +  Length: 60 
 +  Number of Links: 3 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Transit Network 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.3.4 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.3.1 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.4.0 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 127.0.0.1 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 + 
 +  LS age: 1856 
 +  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
 +  LS Type: Router Links 
 +  Link State ID: 192.168.5.1 
 +  Advertising Router: 192.168.5.1 
 +  LS Seq Number: 80000007 
 +  Checksum: 0x435E 
 +  Length: 72 
 +  Number of Links: 4 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) 
 +     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 192.168.1.3 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.1.1 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 64 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.1.0 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 64 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Transit Network 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.2.4 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.2.1 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Transit Network 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.5.1 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.5.1 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 + 
 +  LS age: 1749 
 +  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) 
 +  LS Type: Router Links 
 +  Link State ID: 192.168.6.2 
 +  Advertising Router: 192.168.6.2 
 +  LS Seq Number: 80000007 
 +  Checksum: 0xA544 
 +  Length: 48 
 +  Number of Links: 2 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Stub Network 
 +     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.168.6.0 
 +     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 + 
 +    Link connected to: a Transit Network 
 +     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 192.168.5.1 
 +     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 192.168.5.2 
 +      Number of TOS metrics: 0 
 +       TOS 0 Metrics: 1 
 +</pre></html> 
 +++++ 
 + 
 +{{:sk1:ospf.pcap.gz|Przykładowa wymiana pakietów protokołu OSPF}} 
 + 
 +https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/15-mt/iro-15-mt-book/iro-cfg.html
 ===== [Ekstra] Inne ===== ===== [Ekstra] Inne =====
 Implementacje wielu protokołów routingu, w tym OSPFv2, dla systemu Linux: Implementacje wielu protokołów routingu, w tym OSPFv2, dla systemu Linux:
-  * Quaqqa http://www.nongnu.org/quagga/ (składnia identyczna z CISCO)+  * FRRouting https://frrouting.org/ (kiedyś [[http://www.nongnu.org/quagga/|Quaqqa]], jeszcze wcześniej [[https://www.gnu.org/software/zebra/|Zebra]]) - składnia (prawie) identyczna z CISCO
   * Bird http://bird.network.cz/   * Bird http://bird.network.cz/
  
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