Jan Kończak

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os_cp:redirects_pipes [2025/04/07 19:07] – added examples jkonczakos_cp:redirects_pipes [2026/03/24 13:33] (current) – [more, less] jkonczak
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 ==== Printing text ==== ==== Printing text ====
  
-''**echo** //text//'' outputs //text// followed by a newline (unless ''-n'' is specified). \\ +''**echo** //text//'' outputs //text// followed by a newline. \\ 
-The ''-e'' switch turns backslash escapes into corresponding characters, e.g., ''\t'' +<small> 
-becomes a tab and ''\n'' a newline (cf. manual).+''echo'' is present in almost any shell of any operating system, 
 +but there is no consensus on how to interpret switches and how to treat 
 +backslashes in the text. 
 +\\ 
 +In Bash, the  ''-n'' switch supresses the newline, and ''-e'' turns backslash 
 +escapes into corresponding characters, e.g., ''\t'' becomes a tab and ''\n'' 
 +a newline (cf. manual). 
 +</small>
  
 ''**printf** //format// [//arguments//]...'' works roughly the same as the ''printf'' function in C. ''**printf** //format// [//arguments//]...'' works roughly the same as the ''printf'' function in C.
  
 <small> <small>
-''**figlet** [//text//]'' outputs //text// or the standard input by using ascii-art font. +Here and there, the course materials make use of the following toy commands: 
 +\\ 
 +''**figlet** [//text//]'' outputs //text// or the standard input by using an ascii-art font. 
 +\\
 ''**cowsay** [//text//]'' makes a cow say the //text// (or the standard input). ''**cowsay** [//text//]'' makes a cow say the //text// (or the standard input).
 </small> </small>
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 ++++ Examples | {{page>so:redirects:echo&inline}} ++++ ++++ Examples | {{page>so:redirects:echo&inline}} ++++
  
-~~Exercise.#~~ Try ''echo -e 'foo\n\nbaz' '' \\ and ''echo -e '\n\n one \033[A \033[A two \033[B \033[B \n \033[1;31m red \033[0m' '' \\ <small>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code|ANSI escape codes]] are well summarized [[https://gist.github.com/fnky/458719343aabd01cfb17a3a4f7296797|here]]</small>+~~Exercise.#~~ Try the commands ''echo -e 'foo\n\nbaz' '' \\ and ''echo -e '\n\n one \033[A \033[A two \033[B \033[B \n \033[1;31m red \033[0m' '' \\ <small>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code|ANSI escape codes]] are well summarized [[https://gist.github.com/fnky/458719343aabd01cfb17a3a4f7296797|here]]</small>
  
 ~~Exercise.#~~ Try ''printf "|%4.2f|%3s|%-20s|\n|%4.2f|%3s|%-20s|\n" 3.1428 pi circumference/radius 9.8 g gravity'' ~~Exercise.#~~ Try ''printf "|%4.2f|%3s|%-20s|\n|%4.2f|%3s|%-20s|\n" 3.1428 pi circumference/radius 9.8 g gravity''
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 <small> <small>
 The ''grep'' program accepts several regular expression grammars. The ''grep'' program accepts several regular expression grammars.
-POSIX [[https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap09.html|specifies]]+POSIX [[https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/basedefs/V1_chap09.html|specifies]]
 basic (default for ''grep'') and extended regular expressions (selectable with basic (default for ''grep'') and extended regular expressions (selectable with
 ''egrep'' or ''grep -E'' ). See manual for your implementation of ''grep'' for ''egrep'' or ''grep -E'' ). See manual for your implementation of ''grep'' for
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 not human-readable file format. not human-readable file format.
 \\ \\
-''[[https://github.com/wofr06/lesspipe|lesspipe]]'' is the leading implementation+''[[https://lesspipe.org|lesspipe]]'' is the leading implementation
 of this feature. of this feature.
 </small> </small>
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