Jan Kończak

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===== Przykładowa konfiguracja OSPF =====
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Topologia sieci:
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\ internet /
 '--------'                                           .--.     10.7.8.8.--. 
    |                                        10.6.7.7( R7 )-----------( R8 )
    |                                               / '--'10.7.8.7     '--' 
    |                                              /           /24     
  .--.    10.4.5.5.--.    10.5.6.6.--.       /24┌─┴─┐
 ( R4 )----------( R5 )----------( R6 )---------┤ ⇄ │
  '--'10.4.5.4    '--'10.5.6.5    '--'10.6.7.6  └─┬─┘
           /24             /24                     \
                                                    \ .--. 
                                             10.6.7.9( R9 )---------------…
                                                      '--' 172.18.0.6/16
OSPF ma działać między R5,R6,R7,R8 i R9
Router R4 ma być trasą domyślną i nie używa OSPF
Router R6 ma wbudowany switch na którym są podłączone R7 i R9.
</pre>
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==== Cisco – router R5 ====

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Konfiguracja adresów IP i trasy domyślej na R5:
<pre>
R5(config)#<b>int gi4</b>
R5(config-if)#<b>ip addr 10.5.6.5 255.255.255.0</b>
R5(config-if)#<b>no shut</b>
R5(config)#<b>int gi5</b>
R5(config-if)#<b>ip addr 10.4.5.5 255.255.255.0</b>
R5(config-if)#<b>no shut</b>
R5(config)#<b>ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.4.5.4</b>
R5#<b>sh ip route</b>
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 10.4.5.4 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.4.5.4
      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks
C        10.4.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet5
L        10.4.5.5/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet5
C        10.5.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
L        10.5.6.5/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
</pre>

Konfiguracja OSPF na R5:
<pre>
R5(config)#<b>router ospf 1</b>
R5(config-router)#<b>passive-interface GigabitEthernet 5</b>
R5(config-router)#<b>network 10.4.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0</b>
R5(config-router)#<b>network 10.5.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0</b>
R5(config-router)#<b>default-information originate </b>
</pre>

Wyznaczone trasy na R5:
<pre>
R5#<b>sh ip route </b>
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 10.4.5.4 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.4.5.4
      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C        10.4.5.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet5
L        10.4.5.5/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet5
C        10.5.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
L        10.5.6.5/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
O        10.6.7.0/24 [110/2] via 10.5.6.6, 00:00:30, GigabitEthernet4
O        10.7.8.0/24 [110/3] via 10.5.6.6, 00:00:30, GigabitEthernet4
O     172.18.0.0/16 [110/12] via 10.5.6.6, 00:00:30, GigabitEthernet4
</pre>

Wyniki wybranych komend diagnostycznych na R5:
<pre>
R5#<b>show ip ospf neighbor </b>

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
10.6.7.6          1   FULL/DR         00:00:31    10.5.6.6        GigabitEthernet4
R5#<b>show ip ospf database </b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.5.6.5) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.5.6.5        10.5.6.5        65          0x80000005 0x00128D 2
10.6.7.6        10.6.7.6        96          0x80000008 0x009FCE 2
10.7.8.7        10.7.8.7        157         0x80000006 0x00FD60 2
10.7.8.8        10.7.8.8        151         0x80000003 0x00208C 1
172.18.0.6      172.18.0.6      234         0x80000006 0x00D96E 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.5.6.6        10.6.7.6        96          0x80000001 0x00B317
10.6.7.9        172.18.0.6      234         0x80000002 0x0079F4
10.7.8.8        10.7.8.8        165         0x80000001 0x00C9EC

                Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         10.5.6.5        104         0x80000001 0x007028 1


R5#<b>show ip ospf database router 172.18.0.6</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.5.6.5) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 344
  Options: (No TOS-capability, No DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 172.18.0.6
  Advertising Router: 172.18.0.6
  LS Seq Number: 80000006
  Checksum: 0xD96E
  Length: 48
  Number of Links: 2

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.18.0.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.0.0
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.6.7.9
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.6.7.9
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 100
</pre>
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==== Cisco – router R6 ====

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Konfiguracja na R6:
<pre>
R6(config)#<b>interface GigabitEthernet4</b>
R6(config-if)#<b>ip address 10.5.6.6 255.255.255.0</b>
R6(config-if)#<b>no shutdown</b>
R6(config)#<b>interface Vlan1</b>
R6(config-if)#<b>ip address 10.6.7.6 255.255.255.0</b>
R6(config)#<b>router ospf 1</b>
R6(config-router)<b>network 10.5.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0</b>
R6(config-router)<b>network 10.6.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0</b>
</pre>

Tablica tras na R6:
<pre>
R6#<b>sh ip route </b>
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 10.5.6.5 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E2  0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.5.6.5, 00:06:22, GigabitEthernet4
      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
O        10.4.5.0/24 [110/2] via 10.5.6.5, 00:06:22, GigabitEthernet4
C        10.5.6.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
L        10.5.6.6/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet4
C        10.6.7.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1
L        10.6.7.6/32 is directly connected, Vlan1
O        10.7.8.0/24 [110/2] via 10.6.7.7, 00:07:31, Vlan1
O     172.18.0.0/16 [110/11] via 10.6.7.9, 00:12:27, Vlan1
</pre>

Polecenia diagnostnycze OSPF na R6:
<pre>
R6#<b>show ip protocols</b>
*** IP Routing is NSF aware ***

Routing Protocol is "application"
  Sending updates every 0 seconds
  Invalid after 0 seconds, hold down 0, flushed after 0
  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Maximum path: 32
  Routing for Networks:
  Routing Information Sources:
    Gateway         Distance      Last Update
  Distance: (default is 4)

Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Router ID 10.6.7.6
  Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
  Maximum path: 4
  Routing for Networks:
    10.5.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
    10.6.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
  Routing Information Sources:
    Gateway         Distance      Last Update
    10.7.8.7             110      00:37:36
    10.5.6.5             110      00:04:29
    10.7.8.8             110      00:10:39
    172.18.0.6           110      00:00:51
  Distance: (default is 110)

R6#<b>show ip ospf</b>
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 10.6.7.6
 Start time: 10:42:24.620, Time elapsed: 00:42:38.106
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 Supports area transit capability
 Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101)
 Supports Database Exchange Summary List Optimization (RFC 5243)
 Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Incremental-SPF disabled
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
 Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 EXCHANGE/LOADING adjacency limit: initial 300, process maximum 300
 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x007028
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 Number of areas transit capable is 0
 External flood list length 0
 IETF NSF helper support enabled
 Cisco NSF helper support enabled
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 2
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:01:12.114 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 25 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x049427
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 1
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0

R6#<b>show ip ospf interface</b>
GigabitEthernet4 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 10.5.6.6/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 1, Router ID 10.6.7.6, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           1         no          no            Base
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
  Designated Router (ID) 10.6.7.6, Interface address 10.5.6.6
  Backup Designated router (ID) 10.5.6.5, Interface address 10.5.6.5
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:06
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
  IETF NSF helper support enabled
  Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 2
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 
    Adjacent with neighbor 10.5.6.5  (Backup Designated Router)
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 10.6.7.6/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 1, Router ID 10.6.7.6, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           1         no          no            Base
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
  Designated Router (ID) 10.6.7.6, Interface address 10.6.7.6
  Backup Designated router (ID) 10.7.8.7, Interface address 10.6.7.7
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:09
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
  IETF NSF helper support enabled
  Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 2
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 
    Adjacent with neighbor 10.7.8.7  (Backup Designated Router)
    Adjacent with neighbor 172.18.0.6
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R6#<b>show ip ospf neighbor</b>

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
10.5.6.5          1   FULL/BDR        00:00:37    10.5.6.5        GigabitEthernet4
10.7.8.7          1   FULL/BDR        00:00:38    10.6.7.7        Vlan1
172.18.0.6        1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:32    10.6.7.9        Vlan1
R6#<b>show ip ospf database</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.5.6.5        10.5.6.5        316         0x80000013 0x00F59B 2
10.6.7.6        10.6.7.6        195         0x8000000D 0x005319 2
10.7.8.7        10.7.8.7        196         0x8000000B 0x00B1AA 2
10.7.8.8        10.7.8.8        335         0x80000004 0x001E8D 1
172.18.0.6      172.18.0.6      102         0x80000010 0x0065DB 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.5.6.6        10.6.7.6        355         0x80000002 0x00B118
10.6.7.6        10.6.7.6        202         0x80000002 0x009C5C
10.7.8.8        10.7.8.8        335         0x80000002 0x00C7ED

                Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         10.5.6.5        357         0x80000001 0x007028 1
R6#<b>show ip ospf database network</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)

                Net Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 372
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Network Links
  Link State ID: 10.5.6.6 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 10.6.7.6
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0xB118
  Length: 32
  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 10.6.7.6
        Attached Router: 10.5.6.5

  LS age: 219
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Network Links
  Link State ID: 10.6.7.6 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 10.6.7.6
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0x9C5C
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 10.6.7.6
        Attached Router: 10.7.8.7
        Attached Router: 172.18.0.6

  LS age: 352
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Network Links
  Link State ID: 10.7.8.8 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 10.7.8.8
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0xC7ED
  Length: 32
  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 10.7.8.8
        Attached Router: 10.7.8.7

R6#<b>show ip ospf database router</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 356
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 10.5.6.5
  Advertising Router: 10.5.6.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000013
  Checksum: 0xF59B
  Length: 48
  AS Boundary Router
  Number of Links: 2

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.5.6.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.5.6.5
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.4.5.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1


  LS age: 235
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 10.6.7.6
  Advertising Router: 10.6.7.6
  LS Seq Number: 8000000D
  Checksum: 0x5319
  Length: 48
  Number of Links: 2

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.5.6.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.5.6.6
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.6.7.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.6.7.6
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1


  LS age: 236
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 10.7.8.7
  Advertising Router: 10.7.8.7
  LS Seq Number: 8000000B
  Checksum: 0xB1AA
  Length: 48
  Number of Links: 2
   
    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.7.8.8
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.7.8.7
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
   
    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.6.7.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.6.7.7
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
   
   
  LS age: 375
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 10.7.8.8
  Advertising Router: 10.7.8.8
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x1E8D
  Length: 36
  Number of Links: 1
   
    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.7.8.8
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.7.8.8
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1
   
   
  LS age: 142
  Options: (No TOS-capability, No DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 172.18.0.6
  Advertising Router: 172.18.0.6
  LS Seq Number: 80000010
  Checksum: 0x65DB
  Length: 48
  Number of Links: 2
   
    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.6.7.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.6.7.9
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 100
   
    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.18.0.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.0.0
      Number of MTID metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10
   

R6#<b>sh ip ospf database external</b> 

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 1065
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 0.0.0.0 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 10.5.6.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x7028
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /0
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0 
        Metric: 1 
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 1

R6#<b>sh ip ospf database self-originate</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.6.7.6        10.6.7.6        941         0x8000000D 0x005319 2

                Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.5.6.6        10.6.7.6        1101        0x80000002 0x00B118
10.6.7.6        10.6.7.6        948         0x80000002 0x009C5C


R6#<b>sh ip ospf rib</b>

            OSPF Router with ID (10.6.7.6) (Process ID 1)


                Base Topology (MTID 0)

OSPF local RIB
Codes: * - Best, > - Installed in global RIB

*>  10.4.5.0/24, Intra, cost 2, area 0
      via 10.5.6.5, GigabitEthernet4
*   10.5.6.0/24, Intra, cost 1, area 0, Connected
      via 10.5.6.6, GigabitEthernet4
*   10.6.7.0/24, Intra, cost 1, area 0, Connected
      via 10.6.7.6, Vlan1
*>  10.7.8.0/24, Intra, cost 2, area 0
      via 10.6.7.7, Vlan1
*>  172.18.0.0/16, Intra, cost 11, area 0
      via 10.6.7.9, Vlan1
*>  0.0.0.0/0, Ext2, cost 1, fwd cost 1, tag 1
      via 10.5.6.5, GigabitEthernet4
</pre>
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==== Linux – router R9 ====

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Instalacja FRRouting, minimalna konfiguracja i uruchomienie:
<pre>
zypper in -y frr
sed -i 's/^ospfd=no$/ospfd=yes/' /etc/frr/daemons
systemctl start frr
</pre>

Konfiguracja frr, w linii poleceń do której wchodzi się komendą <code>vtysh</code>:
<pre>
R9# <b>conf t</b>
R9(config)# <b>int enp1s0 </b>
R9(config-if)# <b>ip ospf passive </b>
R9(config-if)# <b>exit</b>
R9(config)# <b>router ospf</b>
R9(config-router)# <b>network 10.6.7.0/24 area 0</b>
R9(config-router)# <b>network 172.18.0.0/16 area 0</b>
R9(config-router)# <b>end</b>
</pre>

Tablica tras Linuksa:
<pre>
R9:~ # <b>ip route</b>
default via 150.254.32.129 dev br0 proto dhcp 
10.4.5.0/24 nhid 25 via 10.6.7.6 dev p4p1 proto ospf metric 20 
10.5.6.0/24 nhid 25 via 10.6.7.6 dev p4p1 proto ospf metric 20 
10.6.7.0/24 dev p4p1 proto kernel scope link src 10.6.7.9 
10.7.8.0/24 nhid 26 via 10.6.7.7 dev p4p1 proto ospf metric 20 
150.254.32.128/26 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 150.254.32.135 
172.16.0.0/16 dev enp1s0 scope link 
172.18.0.0/16 dev enp1s0 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.0.6 
</pre>

Tablica tras wypisana wewnątrz linii poleceń frr (komenda <code>vtysh</code>):
<pre>
R9# <b>sh ip route</b>
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP,
       O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, E - EIGRP, N - NHRP,
       T - Table, v - VNC, V - VNC-Direct, A - Babel, D - SHARP,
       F - PBR, f - OpenFabric,
       > - selected route, * - FIB route, q - queued, r - rejected, b - backup
       t - trapped, o - offload failure

O   0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.6.7.6, p4p1, weight 1, 00:24:11
K>* 0.0.0.0/0 [0/0] via 150.254.32.129, br0, 00:26:10
O>* 10.4.5.0/24 [110/102] via 10.6.7.6, p4p1, weight 1, 00:24:11
O>* 10.5.6.0/24 [110/101] via 10.6.7.6, p4p1, weight 1, 00:24:11
O   10.6.7.0/24 [110/100] is directly connected, p4p1, weight 1, 00:24:11
C>* 10.6.7.0/24 is directly connected, p4p1, 00:24:45
O>* 10.7.8.0/24 [110/101] via 10.6.7.7, p4p1, weight 1, 00:24:11
C>* 150.254.32.128/26 is directly connected, br0, 00:26:10
K>* 172.16.0.0/16 [0/0] is directly connected, enp1s0, 00:26:10
O   172.18.0.0/16 [110/10] is directly connected, enp1s0, weight 1, 00:23:10
C>* 172.18.0.0/16 is directly connected, enp1s0, 00:23:10
</pre>

Inne polecenia diagnostyczne (długie wyniki ręcznie obcięte):
<pre>
R9# <b>sh ip ospf database</b>

       OSPF Router with ID (172.18.0.6)

                Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age  Seq#       CkSum  Link count
10.5.6.5       10.5.6.5        1600 0x80000013 0xf59b 2
10.6.7.6       10.6.7.6        1479 0x8000000d 0x5319 2
10.7.8.7       10.7.8.7        1479 0x8000000b 0xb1aa 2
10.7.8.8       10.7.8.8        1617 0x80000004 0x1e8d 1
172.18.0.6     172.18.0.6      1060 0x80000011 0x69d4 2

                Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age  Seq#       CkSum
10.5.6.6       10.6.7.6        1639 0x80000002 0xb118
10.6.7.6       10.6.7.6        1486 0x80000002 0x9c5c
10.7.8.8       10.7.8.8        1617 0x80000002 0xc7ed

                AS External Link States

Link ID         ADV Router      Age  Seq#       CkSum  Route
0.0.0.0        10.5.6.5        1641 0x80000001 0x7028 E2 0.0.0.0/0 [0x1]


R9# <b>sh ip ospf</b>
 OSPF Routing Process, Router ID: 172.18.0.6
 Supports only single TOS (TOS0) routes
 This implementation conforms to RFC2328
 RFC1583Compatibility flag is disabled
 OpaqueCapability flag is disabled
 Initial SPF scheduling delay 0 millisec(s)
 Minimum hold time between consecutive SPFs 50 millisec(s)
 Maximum hold time between consecutive SPFs 5000 millisec(s)
 Hold time multiplier is currently 1
 SPF algorithm last executed 17m57s ago
 Last SPF duration 123 usecs
 SPF timer is inactive
 LSA minimum interval 5000 msecs
 LSA minimum arrival 1000 msecs
 Write Multiplier set to 20
 Refresh timer 10 secs
 Maximum multiple paths(ECMP) supported 256
 Administrative distance 110
 This router is an ASBR (injecting external routing information)
 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x00007028
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
 Number of areas attached to this router: 1
 Area ID: 0.0.0.0 (Backbone)
   Number of interfaces in this area: Total: 2, Active: 2
   Number of fully adjacent neighbors in this area: 2
   Area has no authentication
   SPF algorithm executed 8 times
   Number of LSA 8
   Number of router LSA 5. Checksum Sum 0x000282bf
   Number of network LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x00021561
   Number of summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
   Number of ASBR summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
   Number of NSSA LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
   Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
   Number of opaque area LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000


R9# <b>sh ip ospf database network</b>

       OSPF Router with ID (172.18.0.6)


                Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
(…)
  LS age: 1509
  Options: 0x22 : *|-|DC|-|-|-|E|-   
  LS Flags: 0x6
  LS Type: network-LSA
  Link State ID: 10.6.7.6 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 10.6.7.6
  LS Seq Number: 80000002
  Checksum: 0x9c5c
  Length: 36

  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 10.6.7.6

        Attached Router: 10.7.8.7

        Attached Router: 172.18.0.6  
(…)

R9# <b>sh ip ospf database router</b>

       OSPF Router with ID (172.18.0.6)


                Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
(…)
  LS age: 1561
  Options: 0x22 : *|-|DC|-|-|-|E|-
  LS Flags: 0x6
  Flags: 0x0
  LS Type: router-LSA
  Link State ID: 10.6.7.6
  Advertising Router: 10.6.7.6
  LS Seq Number: 8000000d
  Checksum: 0x5319
  Length: 48

   Number of Links: 2

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.5.6.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.5.6.6
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metric: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.6.7.6
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.6.7.6
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metric: 1
(…)

R9# <b>sh ip ospf database external</b>

       OSPF Router with ID (172.18.0.6)

                AS External Link States 

  LS age: 1777
  Options: 0x20 : *|-|DC|-|-|-|-|-
  LS Flags: 0x6  
  LS Type: AS-external-LSA
  Link State ID: 0.0.0.0 (External Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 10.5.6.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x7028
  Length: 36

  Network Mask: /0
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        TOS: 0
        Metric: 1
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 1

R9# <b>sh ip ospf interface</b> 
enp1s0 is up
  ifindex 4, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Mbit <UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>
  Internet Address 172.18.0.6/16, Broadcast 172.18.255.255, Area 0.0.0.0
  MTU mismatch detection: enabled
  Router ID 172.18.0.6, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
  Designated Router (ID) 172.18.0.6 Interface Address 172.18.0.6/16
  No backup designated router on this network
  Multicast group memberships: <None>
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5
    No Hellos (Passive interface)
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
p4p1 is up
  ifindex 3, MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000 Mbit <UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>
  Internet Address 10.6.7.9/24, Broadcast 10.6.7.255, Area 0.0.0.0
  MTU mismatch detection: enabled
  Router ID 172.18.0.6, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 100
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROther, Priority 1
  Designated Router (ID) 10.6.7.6 Interface Address 10.6.7.6/24
  Backup Designated Router (ID) 10.7.8.7, Interface Address 10.6.7.7
  Multicast group memberships: OSPFAllRouters
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10s, Dead 40s, Wait 40s, Retransmit 5
    Hello due in 8.533s
  Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
</pre>
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