Jan Kończak

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==== mkdir_rmdir ====

<html><pre style="line-height: 1em">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -Al
total 0
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir notes/2025/04
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘notes/2025/04’: No such file or directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir notes notes/2025 notes/2025/04
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">notes</span>
    └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
        └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>

4 directories, 0 files
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir -p projects/2025/04
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">notes</span>
│   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
│       └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">projects</span>
    └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
        └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>

7 directories, 0 files
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir projects/2025/05
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> touch file
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir file projects/2024/03
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘file’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘projects/2024/03’: No such file or directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir -p file projects/2024/03
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘file’: File exists
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── file
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">notes</span>
│   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
│       └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">projects</span>
    ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2024</span>
    │   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">03</span>
    └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
        ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>
        └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">05</span>

10 directories, 1 file
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rmdir notes/2025/04
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rmdir notes
rmdir: failed to remove &apos;notes&apos;: Directory not empty
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── file
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">notes</span>
│   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">projects</span>
    ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2024</span>
    │   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">03</span>
    └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
        ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>
        └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">05</span>

9 directories, 1 file
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rmdir -p notes/2025
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── file
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">projects</span>
    ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2024</span>
    │   └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">03</span>
    └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">2025</span>
        ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">04</span>
        └── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">05</span>

7 directories, 1 file
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span>
</pre></html>


==== ln ====

<html><pre style="line-height: 1em">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -il *
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 1 user users 55 Apr  6 00:00 text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ln text hardlink
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ln -s text symlink
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -il *
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 2 user users 55 Apr  6 00:00 hardlink
15466649 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users  4 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">symlink</span> -&gt; text
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 2 user users 55 Apr  6 00:00 text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cat text
One day a tortoise will learn how to fly.
(Small Gods)
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> fortune -s &gt;&gt; hardlink
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -il *
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 2 user users 183 Apr  6 01:00 hardlink
15466649 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users   4 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">symlink</span> -&gt; text
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 2 user users 183 Apr  6 01:00 text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cat text
One day a tortoise will learn how to fly.
(Small Gods)
&quot;Real stupidity beats artificial intelligence every time.&quot;
        -- Bursar 1 - Hex 0
           (Terry Pratchett, Hogfather)
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -il *
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 1 user users 183 Apr  6 01:00 hardlink
15466649 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users   4 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">symlink</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">text</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -dil *
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 1 user users  183 Apr  6 01:00 hardlink
15466649 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users    4 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">symlink</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
15466650 drwxr-xr-x 2 user users 4096 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ln text oh_no
ln: text: hard link not allowed for directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ln -s whatever broken
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ln -s .. text/back
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -dil * text/*
15466651 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users    8 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">broken</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">whatever</span>
15466639 -rw-r--r-- 1 user users  183 Apr  6 01:00 hardlink
15466649 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users    4 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">symlink</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
15466650 drwxr-xr-x 2 user users 4096 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
15466652 lrwxrwxrwx 1 user users    2 Apr  6 01:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">text/back</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">..</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cd text/back
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back $</span> cd symlink/back
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back $</span> cd text/back
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> pwd
/home/user/text/back/symlink/back/text/back
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> readlink -f .
/home/user
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> realpath .
/home/user

<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> date &gt; now
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> ln now hardlink text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~/text/back/symlink/back/text/back $</span> tree
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">broken</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#7f7f7f;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:blink;color:#ffffff;background-color:#cd0000;">whatever</span>
├── hardlink
├── now
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">symlink</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">text</span>
    ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ffff;">back</span> -&gt; <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">..</span>
    ├── hardlink
    └── now
</pre></html>


==== cp_mv ====

<html><pre style="line-height: 1em">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree --noreport
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── date
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>
│   ├── file
│   └── now
└── text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp text normalcopy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -a text archivecopy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -l text *copy
-rw-rw---- 1 user wheel 55 Apr  6 01:00 archivecopy
-rw-r----- 1 user users 55 Apr  6 02:00 normalcopy
-rw-rw---- 1 user wheel 55 Apr  6 01:00 text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -a date text copy
cp: target &apos;copy&apos;: No such file or directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mkdir copy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -a date text copy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp copy recursive
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory &apos;copy&apos;
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -r copy recursive
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree -Dgp --noreport recursive
[drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">recursive</span>
├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 02:00]  date
└── [-rw-r----- users    Apr  6 02:00]  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -a copy archive
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree -Dgp --noreport archive
[drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">archive</span>
├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 01:00]  date
└── [-rw-rw---- wheel    Apr  6 01:00]  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp archive/date archive/text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> cp -i archive/date archive/text
cp: overwrite &apos;archive/text&apos;? yes
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">archive</span>  archivecopy  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">copy</span>  date  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>  normalcopy  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">recursive</span>  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mv normalcopy text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">archive</span>  archivecopy  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">copy</span>  date  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">recursive</span>  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mv -i archivecopy text
mv: overwrite &apos;text&apos;? yes
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mv text archivecopy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mv archivecopy date dir
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree -Dgp --noreport
[drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── [drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">archive</span>
│   ├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 01:00]  date
│   └── [-rw-rw---- wheel    Apr  6 02:00]  text
├── [drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">copy</span>
│   ├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 01:00]  date
│   └── [-rw-rw---- wheel    Apr  6 01:00]  text
├── [drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>
│   ├── [-rw-rw---- wheel    Apr  6 01:00]  archivecopy
│   ├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 01:00]  date
│   ├── [-rw-rw---- wheel    Apr  6 01:00]  file
│   └── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 01:00]  now
└── [drwxr-xr-x users    Apr  6 02:00]  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">recursive</span>
    ├── [-rw-r--r-- users    Apr  6 02:00]  date
    └── [-rw-r----- users    Apr  6 02:00]  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> mv dir copy
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> tree --noreport
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">.</span>
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">archive</span>
│   ├── date
│   └── text
├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">copy</span>
│   ├── date
│   ├── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>
│   │   ├── archivecopy
│   │   ├── date
│   │   ├── file
│   │   └── now
│   └── text
└── <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">recursive</span>
    ├── date
    └── text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span>
</pre></html>


==== scp_sftp ====

<html><pre style="line-height: 1em">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> whoami
user
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls
date  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp example.com:myScript.pl scriptFromExample.pl
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
myScript.pl                                   100%   85    80.2KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls
date  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">scriptFromExample.pl</span>  text
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp user&#64;example.com:myScript.pl .
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
myScript.pl                                   100%   85    84.4KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp john&#64;example.com:todo.txt .
john&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
todo.txt                                      100%   50    49.3KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls
date  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">dir</span>  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">myScript.pl</span>  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">scriptFromExample.pl</span>  text  <span style="color:#00cd00;">todo.txt</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp todo.txt user&#64;mylaptop:/tmp/johns_todo.txt
user&#64;mylaptop&apos;s password:
todo.txt                                      100%   50    75.5KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp text user&#64;example.com:
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
text                                          100%   30    49.2KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp dir example.com:
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
scp: local &quot;dir&quot; is not a regular file
scp: failed to upload file dir to .
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp -r dir example.com:
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
file                                          100%   55    94.1KB/s   00:00
now                                           100%   30   115.4KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> scp john&#64;example.com:photos/cat.jpg \
&gt;                 john&#64;example.com:photos/ghoti.jpg \
&gt;                 user&#64;mylaptop:/tmp/johns_todo.txt \
&gt;                 user&#64;example.com:
user&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
john&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
cat.jpg                                       100%  100KB  26.8MB/s   00:00
john&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
ghoti.jpg                                     100%  236KB  31.8MB/s   00:00
user&#64;mylaptop&apos;s password:
johns_todo.txt                                100%   50    47.2KB/s   00:00
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> sftp john&#64;example.com
john&#64;example.com&apos;s password:
Connected to example.com.
sftp&gt; pwd
Remote working directory: /home/john
sftp&gt; ls
documents  photos     todo.txt
sftp&gt; lpwd
Local working directory: /home/user
sftp&gt; lls
date  dir  myScript.pl  scriptFromExample.pl  text  todo.txt
sftp&gt; put myScript.pl userScript.pl
Uploading myScript.pl to /home/john/userScript.pl
myScript.pl                                   100%   85   137.0KB/s   00:00
sftp&gt; put dir/file
Uploading dir/file to /home/john/file
file                                          100%   55    89.4KB/s   00:00
sftp&gt; lcd dir
sftp&gt; lpwd
Local working directory: /home/user/dir
sftp&gt; get todo.txt new_todo.txt
Fetching /home/john/todo.txt to new_todo.txt
todo.txt                                      100%   50    77.3KB/s   00:00
sftp&gt; get photos
Fetching /home/john/photos/ to photos
download /home/john/photos/: not a regular file
sftp&gt; get -r photos
Fetching /home/john/photos/ to photos
Retrieving /home/john/photos
ghoti.jpg                                     100%  236KB  45.1MB/s   00:00
cat.jpg                                       100%  100KB  43.4MB/s   00:00
sftp&gt; cd /tmp
sftp&gt; pwd
Remote working directory: /tmp
sftp&gt; ls
sftp&gt; put -r dir/*
Uploading dir/file to /tmp/file
file                                          100%   55    72.3KB/s   00:00
Uploading dir/new_todo.txt to /tmp/new_todo.txt
new_todo.txt                                  100%   50   219.8KB/s   00:00
Uploading dir/now to /tmp/now
now                                           100%   30   160.8KB/s   00:00
Uploading dir/photos/ to /tmp/photos
Entering dir/photos/
cat.jpg                                       100%  100KB  27.8MB/s   00:00
ghoti.jpg                                     100%  236KB  39.2MB/s   00:00
sftp&gt; ls -l
-rw-r-----    ? john     john           55 Apr  6 02:00 file
-rw-r--r--    ? john     john           50 Apr  6 02:00 new_todo.txt
-rw-r--r--    ? john     john           30 Apr  6 02:00 now
drwxr-xr-x    ? john     john         4096 Apr  6 02:00 photos
sftp> lls -l
total 16
-rw-rw---- 1 user wheel   55 Apr  6 01:00 file
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   50 Apr  6 02:00 new_todo.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   30 Apr  6 01:00 now
drwxr-xr-x 2 user users 4096 Apr  6 02:00 photos
sftp&gt; quit
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span>
</pre></html>


==== rm ====

<html><pre style="line-height: 1em">
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -lt
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 3 user users 4096 Apr  7 19:34 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>
drwxr-xr-x 2 user users 4096 Apr  6 02:00 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">photos</span>
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   30 Apr  6 02:00 <span style="color:#00cd00;">normalfile.txt</span>
-r--r--r-- 1 user wheel   30 Apr  6 02:00 <span style="color:#00cd00;">readonlyfile.txt</span>
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users  165 Apr  6 02:00 <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-1.txt</span>
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users  139 Apr  6 02:00 <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-2.txt</span>
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   85 Apr  6 02:00 data1.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   50 Apr  6 02:00 data2.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users  125 Apr  6 02:00 data3.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users  100 Apr  6 02:00 data4.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users  200 Apr  6 02:00 data5.csv</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm normalfile.txt
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>    <span style="color:#00cd00;">readonlyfile.txt</span>  <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-2.txt</span>  data2.csv  data4.csv
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">photos</span>  <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-1.txt</span>       data1.csv    data3.csv  data5.csv</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm readonlyfile.txt
rm: remove write-protected regular file &apos;readonlyfile.txt&apos;?
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>    <span style="color:#00cd00;">readonlyfile.txt</span>  <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-2.txt</span>  data2.csv  data4.csv
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">photos</span>  <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-1.txt</span>       data1.csv    data3.csv  data5.csv</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -f readonlyfile.txt
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>    <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-1.txt</span>  data1.csv  data3.csv  data5.csv
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">photos</span>  <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-2.txt</span>  data2.csv  data4.csv</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm normalfile.txt
rm: cannot remove &apos;normalfile.txt&apos;: No such file or directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -f normalfile.txt
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm photos
rm: cannot remove &apos;photos&apos;: Is a directory
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -r photos
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>         <span style="color:#00cd00;">input-2.txt</span>  data2.csv  data4.csv
<span style="color:#00cd00;">input-1.txt</span>  data1.csv    data3.csv  data5.csv
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -ld misc/rootsDir misc/rootsDir/data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr  7 19:33 <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc/rootsDir</span>
-rw-r--r-- 1 user users   50 Apr  6 02:00 misc/rootsDir/data</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm misc/rootsDir/data
rm: cannot remove &apos;misc/rootsDir/data&apos;: Permission denied
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls misc
file  now  <span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">rootsDir</span></span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -r misc
rm: descend into write-protected directory &apos;misc/rootsDir&apos;? y
rm: cannot remove &apos;misc/rootsDir/data&apos;: Permission denied
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls misc
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">rootsDir</span> </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm input-1.txt input-2.txt
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -i data*.csv
rm: remove regular file &apos;data1.csv&apos;?
rm: remove regular file &apos;data2.csv&apos;?
rm: remove regular file &apos;data3.csv&apos;? ^C
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span>  data1.csv  data2.csv  data3.csv  data4.csv  data5.csv</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> rm -I data*.csv
rm: remove 5 arguments? y
<span style="opacity:0.50"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#00ff00;">user&#64;host</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;"> ~ $</span> ls -t
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#5c5cff;">misc</span></span>
</pre></html>
Jan Kończak

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