==== ps_pstree ====
user@host ~ $ ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
741 pts/5 00:00:00 ash
742 pts/5 00:00:00 ps
user@host ~ $ ps -e
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:00 init
270 ? 00:00:00 syslogd
298 ? 00:00:00 crond
401 ? 00:00:00 udhcpc
444 pts/0 00:00:00 getty
445 pts/1 00:00:00 login
633 ? 00:00:00 sshd
659 pts/1 00:00:00 ash
697 pts/1 00:00:00 perl
723 pts/1 00:00:00 top
738 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session
740 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session
741 pts/5 00:00:00 ash
743 pts/5 00:00:00 ps
user@host ~ $ ps -el
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 1 0 0 80 0 - 406 - ? 00:00:00 init
4 S 0 270 1 0 80 0 - 410 - ? 00:00:00 syslogd
0 S 0 298 1 0 80 0 - 406 - ? 00:00:00 crond
5 S 0 401 1 0 80 0 - 406 - ? 00:00:00 udhcpc
0 S 0 444 1 0 80 0 - 406 - pts/0 00:00:00 getty
0 S 0 445 1 0 80 0 - 406 - pts/1 00:00:00 login
5 S 0 633 1 0 80 0 - 1543 - ? 00:00:00 sshd
4 S 1000 659 445 0 80 0 - 427 do_wai pts/1 00:00:00 ash
0 S 1000 697 659 0 80 0 - 1605 futex_ pts/1 00:00:00 perl
0 S 1000 723 659 0 80 0 - 927 do_sel pts/1 00:00:00 top
4 S 0 738 633 0 80 0 - 1659 - ? 00:00:00 sshd-session
5 S 1000 740 738 0 80 0 - 1734 - ? 00:00:00 sshd-session
0 S 1000 741 740 0 80 0 - 427 do_wai pts/5 00:00:00 ash
0 R 1000 744 741 0 80 0 - 639 - pts/5 00:00:00 ps
user@host ~ $ ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/init
root 270 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/syslogd -t -n
root 298 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -c /etc/crontabs -f
root 401 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udhcpc -b -R -p /var/run/udhcpc.eth0.pid -i eth0 -x hostname:temp
root 444 1 0 21:13 pts/0 00:00:00 /sbin/getty 38400 console
root 445 1 0 21:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/login -- user
root 633 1 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups
user 659 445 0 21:19 pts/1 00:00:00 -ash
user 697 659 0 21:32 pts/1 00:00:00 perl ./myScript.pl
user 723 659 0 21:36 pts/1 00:00:00 top
root 738 633 0 21:38 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user [priv]
user 740 738 0 21:39 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user@pts/5
user 741 740 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 -ash
user 745 741 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 ps -ef
user@host ~ $ ps -Tef
UID PID SPID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 1 0 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/init
root 270 270 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/syslogd -t -n
root 298 298 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -c /etc/crontabs -f
root 401 401 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udhcpc -b -R -p /var/run/udhcpc.eth0.pid -i eth0 -x hostname:temp
root 444 444 1 0 21:13 pts/0 00:00:00 /sbin/getty 38400 console
root 445 445 1 0 21:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/login -- user
root 633 633 1 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups
user 659 659 445 0 21:19 pts/1 00:00:00 -ash
user 697 697 659 0 21:32 pts/1 00:00:00 perl ./myScript.pl
user 697 698 659 0 21:32 pts/1 00:00:00 perl ./myScript.pl
user 723 723 659 0 21:36 pts/1 00:00:00 top
root 738 738 633 0 21:38 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user [priv]
user 740 740 738 0 21:39 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user@pts/5
user 741 741 740 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 -ash
user 746 746 741 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 ps -Tef
user@host ~ $ ps -Hef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/init
root 270 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/syslogd -t -n
root 298 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/crond -c /etc/crontabs -f
root 401 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udhcpc -b -R -p /var/run/udhcpc.eth0.pid -i eth0 -x hostname:temp
root 444 1 0 21:13 pts/0 00:00:00 /sbin/getty 38400 console
root 445 1 0 21:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/login -- user
user 659 445 0 21:19 pts/1 00:00:00 -ash
user 697 659 0 21:32 pts/1 00:00:00 perl ./myScript.pl
user 723 659 0 21:36 pts/1 00:00:00 top
root 633 1 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups
root 738 633 0 21:38 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user [priv]
user 740 738 0 21:39 ? 00:00:00 sshd-session: user@pts/5
user 741 740 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 -ash
user 747 741 0 21:39 pts/5 00:00:00 ps -Hef
user@host ~ $ pstree
init─┬─crond
├─getty
├─login───ash─┬─perl───{perl}
│ └─top
├─sshd───sshd-session───sshd-session───ash───pstree
├─syslogd
└─udhcpc
user@host ~ $ pstree -hup
init(1)─┬─crond(298)
├─getty(444)
├─login(445)───ash(659,user)─┬─perl(697)───{perl}(698)
│ └─top(723)
├─sshd(633)───sshd-session(738)───sshd-session(740,user)───ash(741)───pstree(750)
├─syslogd(270)
└─udhcpc(401)
user@host ~ $ pstree -a
init
├─crond -c /etc/crontabs -f
├─getty 38400 console
├─login -- user
│ └─ash
│ ├─perl ./myScript.pl
│ │ └─{perl}
│ └─top
├─sshd
│ └─sshd-session
│ └─sshd-session
│ └─ash
│ └─pstree -a
├─syslogd -t -n
└─udhcpc -b -R -p /var/run/udhcpc.eth0.pid -i eth0 -x hostname:temp
==== zombie ====
user@host ~ $ ps -t tty1
PID TTY TIME CMD
445 pts/1 00:00:00 login
659 pts/1 00:00:00 ash
798 pts/1 00:00:00 perl
799 pts/1 00:00:00 fortune
user@host ~ $ ps -l -t tty1
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 0 445 1 0 80 0 - 406 - pts/1 00:00:00 login
4 S 1000 659 445 0 80 0 - 427 do_wai pts/1 00:00:00 ash
0 S 1000 798 659 0 80 0 - 1244 hrtime pts/1 00:00:00 perl
0 Z 1000 799 798 0 80 0 - 0 - pts/1 00:00:00 fortune
user@host ~ $ ps -f -t tty1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 445 1 0 21:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/login -- user
user 659 445 0 21:19 pts/1 00:00:00 -ash
user 798 659 0 21:49 pts/1 00:00:00 perl -e open(my $fh, "fortune -s|"); sleep 60*60;
user 799 798 0 21:49 pts/1 00:00:00 [fortune] <defunct>
user@host ~ $ ps -F -t tty1
UID PID PPID C SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 445 1 0 406 800 4 21:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/login -- user
user 659 445 0 427 1120 15 21:19 pts/1 00:00:00 -ash
user 798 659 0 1244 2880 6 21:49 pts/1 00:00:00 perl -e open(my $fh, "fortune -s|"); sleep 60*60;
user 799 798 0 0 0 17 21:49 pts/1 00:00:00 [fortune] <defunct>
user@host ~ $ ps ut tty1
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 445 0.0 0.0 1624 800 pts/1 Ss 21:13 0:00 /bin/login -- user
user 659 0.0 0.0 1708 1120 pts/1 S 21:19 0:00 -ash
user 798 0.0 0.0 4976 2880 pts/1 S+ 21:49 0:00 perl -e open(my $fh, "fortune -s|"); sleep 60*60;
user 799 0.0 0.0 0 0 pts/1 Z+ 21:49 0:00 [fortune] <defunct>
user@host ~ $ pstree -a 659
ash
└─perl -e open(my $fh, "fortune -s|"); sleep 60*60;
└─(fortune)